Network File System (NFS) eshte nje protokoll per sistemin e skedareve ne rrjet i ndertuar fillimisht nga Sun Microsystems. NFS lejon perdoruesit qe te kapin skedaret nepermjet rrjetit.
Paketat qe nevojiten per funksionimin e NFS
Duhet te instalojme paketat e meposhtme:
nfs-utils - Paketa nfs-utils permban nje daemon per serverin NFS dhe disa mjete ndihmese.
nfs4-acl-tools - Kjo pakete permban utilitete per ACLp er klientin NFSv4 client.
autofs - Kjo pakete instalohet ne klient dhe sherben per ngarkimin automatik te FS ne klient
Ulim sherbimin iptables ( porta hyrese 2049 perdoret nga NFS)
[root@localhost student]# service iptables stop
TCP Wrapper
Te konfigurojme edhe filtrin e TCP Wrapper duke ndaluar aksesin per te gjithe dhe duke lejuar aksesin vetem per rrjetin lokal:
skedari /etc/hosts.deny
[root@localhost student]# cat /etc/hosts.deny
portmap:ALL
skedari /etc/hosts.allow
[root@localhost student]# cat /etc/hosts.allow #
portmap:192.168.221.0/24
Konfigurimi i klientit NFS
Ngarkimi i nje dosje te publikuar ne rrjet ne menyre manuale
Ngarkimi i nje dosje te ndare ne rrjet ne menyre manuale mund te realizohet me komanden mount:
[root@localhost student]# mount -t nfs 192.168.221.9:/sales /mysales [root@localhost student]# ls /mysales test2.txt test.txt [root@localhost student]#
Nese do te verifikojme me komanden mount nese eshte ngarkuar dosja /mysales :
[root@localhost student]# mount | grep sales 192.168.221.9:/sales on /mysales type nfs (rw,addr=192.168.221.9)
Tani mund te shikojme permbajtjen e dosjes 192.168.221.9:/sales ne /mysales
[root@localhost student]# ls /sales hello.world test2.txt test.txt [root@localhost student]#
Ngarkimi i nje doske ne menyre automatike nepermjet /etc/fstab
Nese dua qe dosja te ngarkohet ne menyre automatike ne momentin e ndezjes se sistemit duhet te shtojme nje rresht ne /etc/fstab si me poshte:
[root@localhost student]# cat /etc/fstab
# # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sun Mar 16 09:38:17 2014 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=99dc7a8a-3c61-412a-aa6c-01af196f8822 / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=f8b7f6a2-a8a0-4843-9341-eddf9a2e93b8 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=8a5fc919-498a-451f-9544-771f3d8735c1 /home ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=96ed05f9-7403-4f44-97b3-4e1846b8b5a9 /sd6 ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=a84d4258-9911-4ea3-b18b-c3993eb992e8 swap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/vlm1/backup /bck ext4 defaults 1 2 192.168.221.9:/sales /mysales nfs defaults 0 0
[root@localhost student]#
Shtimi i rreshtit ne skedarin /etc/fstab do te beje qe pas reboot dosja /mysales te ngarkohet automatikisht.
Ekzistenca e nje rreshti ne /etc/fstab na mundeson gjithashtu ta ngarkojme dosjen manualisht me nje format te shkurtuar:
[root@localhost student]# mount /mysales/ [root@localhost student]# mount | grep sale 192.168.221.9:/sales on /mysales type nfs (rw,addr=192.168.221.9) [root@localhost student]#
Ngarkimi i nje dosje ne menyre automatike nepermjet autofs
Utiliteti autofs mundeson ngarkimin e dosjeve ne menyre ne momentin qe ato tentojne te perdoren nga perdoruesi. autofs ka nje skedar kryesot konfigurimi /etc/auto.master , i cili ruan lidhjet midis nje direktorie baze te ngarkimit ( map point) dhe nje skedari tjeter qe ruan direktorite qe do te ngarkohen.
Utiliteti autofs duhet instaluar ne klient nese nuk eshte instaluar tashme:
[root@localhost student]# yum install autofs Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: ftp.ntua.gr * extras: ftp.ntua.gr * updates: ftp.ntua.gr Setting up Install Process Package 1:autofs-5.0.5-89.el6_5.1.i686 already installed and latest version Nothing to do [root@localhost student]#
skedaret e konfigurimit
[root@localhost student]# cat /etc/auto.master # # Sample auto.master file # This is an automounter map and it has the following format # key [ -mount-options-separated-by-comma ] location # For details of the format look at autofs(5). # /misc /etc/auto.misc
+auto.master [root@localhost student]#
rreshti me lart percakton nje mount point dhe nje skedar teskt qe perckton dosjet qe do te ngarkohen ne kete mount point
skedari shembull /etc/auto.misc ka ne perberje nej rreshte per cdo dosje qe duhet ngarkuar ne formatin si me poshte:
Per te ngarkuar dosjen mjafton te tentojme ta perdorim ate. Vini re me poshte:
dosja payroll nuk eshte ngarkuar
[root@localhost student]# mount /dev/sdb2 on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,rootcontext="system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0") /dev/sdb1 on /boot type ext4 (rw) /dev/sdb5 on /home type ext4 (rw) /dev/sdc6 on /sd6 type ext4 (rw) /dev/mapper/vlm1-backup on /bck type ext4 (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) none on /proc/fs/vmblock/mountPoint type vmblock (rw) sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw) nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw) [root@localhost student]#
dosja payroll nuk ekziston ne /misc/payroll
[root@localhost student]# ls /misc -l total 0 [root@localhost student]#
nese do te tentojme te listojme permbajtjen e dosjes /misc/payroll do te veme re qe ajo do te ndarkohet automatikisht. Shikoni me poshte:
[root@localhost student]# ls /misc/payroll -l total 12 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6 Mar 28 04:03 hello.world -rw-r--r--. 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody 8 Mar 21 04:52 test2.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12 Mar 21 04:46 test.txt [root@localhost student]#
Nese do te verifikojme tani permbajten e dosjes /misc do te veme re qe dosja /misc/payroll ekziston dhe ka permbajtjen e saj.
[root@localhost student]# ls /misc payroll [root@localhost student]# ls /misc/payroll/ hello.world test2.txt test.txt [root@localhost student]#
Gjithashtu mund te verifikojme qe dosja eshte ngarkuar :
[root@localhost student]# mount | grep pay /sales on /misc/payroll type none (rw,bind) [root@localhost student]#
Shenim
Dosja do te shkeputet nese nuk perdoret per nje fare periudhe ( timeout perdiod ) qe percaktohet ne /etc/sysconfig/autofs dhe si default eshte 300 sek = 5 min.
rreshti brenda /etc/sysconfig/autofs qe percakton kohen e timeout: